176 - BMI Shift in the Pediatric Population Pre- and Post COVID-19

Abstract:

Purpose: This study evaluates changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) among children aged 6–12 years in San Antonio, Texas, by comparing pre-pandemic (2017–2019) and post-pandemic (2021–2023) data. The prevalence of high Caries Risk Assessment (CRA) in children with elevated BMI levels is also examined to explore patterns and implications in pediatric health.

Methods: Medical and dental records from UT Health San Antonio were analyzed for eligible participants (males and females aged 6–12 years, ASA 1 and 2). BMI and CRA data were extracted from two periods: pre-COVID and post-COVID. Regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and year, were employed to evaluate BMI changes and CRA prevalence. Scatterplots and bar charts illustrated relationships between BMI, CRA, and the pandemic's impact.

Results: Average BMI increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2017 (+1.3 kg/m², p = .006), with elevated levels persisting through 2023. Logistic regression showed higher odds ratios (1.55–4.13, p < .05) for high CRA from 2018 onward, indicating increased dental health risks predating and exacerbated by the pandemic. Males exhibited a sharper BMI rise than females.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to higher BMI levels and increased CRA prevalence among children, emphasizing the link between systemic and dental health. Pediatric dentists play a crucial role in monitoring BMI, providing nutritional counseling, and addressing public health challenges to improve pediatric health outcomes.

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